Framing-tool.



DJC. McLEOD..

FRAMING TOOL. APPLICATION msn fEB. 12. 1914.Y

Patented July L1, 1916.

z sHE'E's-SHEET 1.

affid.'

Attorneys DANIEL C. MGIJEOD, OF CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA.

FRAMING-Toor..

Specification of Letters Patent.`

Patented.y July 4, 1916.

App1ication filed February 12, 1914. Serial No. 818,429.

To all who/mI t may concern Be it known that I, DANIEL C. MGLEOD, acitizen of the United States, residing at Cedar Rapids, in the county ofLinn and State of Iowa, have invented a new and useful Framing-Tool, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to framing tools designed particularly for thepurpose` of simplifying the operations necessary in roof framing, braceframing, stair building and the like.

One of the objects is to provide coperating members which can be quicklyand accurately adjusted to predetermined positions relative to eachother, whereby any one of a wide variety of cuts or bevels Can be markedoif upon the timbers to be out and whereby such useful information asvthe length of the timbers can be determined accurately. i

lVith the foregoing and other objects in view which will appear as thedescription proceeds, the invention resides in the combination andarrangement of parts and in the details of construction hereinafterdescribed and claimed, it being understood that changes in the preciseembodiment of the invention herein disclosed, can be made within thescope of what is claimed, without departing from the spirit of theinvention.

In the accompanying drawings the preferred forms or" the invention havebeen shown.

In said drawings:-Figure l is a plan view of the complete framing tool,the saine being shown on a small scale and the various graduations andother marks of reference being removed. Fig. 2 is a section on line A-BFig. 1. Fig. 3 is a planview on an enlarged scale of the squareconstituting one member of the tool and showing the,

various graduations and other reference marks and the like on one sidethereof.

Fig. 4 is a similar view showing the other,

side oi' the square. Fig. ris a view showing one side of the'two partrule. Fig. 6 is a view showing the opposite side of the two part' rule.Fig. 7 is a plan View of a fran1- ing tool in the form of a bevel, thesame being shown on a reduced scale and having all graduations and thelike removed th`ere-V Jfrom for the sake of clearness. Fig. 8 is anenlarged section on line C-D Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a View oi' one of the outer faces or' the stock of the toolshown in Figs. 7 and 8. Fig. l0 is a view of the opposite outer Jface ofthe stock. Figs. lland l2 are views of the opposite sides of the bladeof the toolV blade and tongue of the square have been inserted betweenthe rules 3 and 1i, and said rules have been adjusted to anypredetermined positions on the square, the rules can be caused to bindupon the square simply by tightening the nuts 7 Springs 8 may be mountedon the screws 6 for the purpose of spreading apart the rules when thenuts 7 are loosened, thus to permit the square to be insertedV readilybetween the rules. It is to be understood that one or more of thesesprings can be used and that they can be placed in other positions thanthat described and illustrated, if so desired.

InY order that the various desired results can be obtained by the useoi' the tool constituting the present invention, it is necessarythatboth sides of the square and that the outer sides of the rules beprovided with graduations' arranged in certain fixed relation to eachother and properly designated. As shown in the drawings, bothlongitudinal edges of the blade and tong-ue of the square are graduatedalong one face to indicate inches and fractions thereof, the graduationsalong the outer edges of the blade and tongue beginning at the outerangle of the square while the graduations along the ,inner edges of thesquare begin at the inner angle. The inches are preferably designated bynumerals, as shown. 1

Engraved or otherwise indicated lrupon the tongue 2` betweenthe twograduated edges thereof andf at one side only of the tongue are parallellines 9 extending throughout the length of the tongue and partly acrossthe blade l, and forming parallel columns 10, ll, l2 and 18.ppearing'inl the outer end' portion of the column 10 is the wordDegrees. In the outer end of the column 11 are the words Common rafters.In the outer end of column 12 are the words Octagon hip rafters. In theouter end of column 13 are the words Hip rafters. The numeral 1 arrangedwithin a circle is disposed within the inner end portion of column whilein the yinner end portions ofthe columns 117 12 and 13 are the numerals2, 3 and l, respectively, each being arranged within a circle. Thevarious columns are interseeted by graduations, those in the column 10designating degrees and being arranged along lines radiating from theeight inch graduation along the outer graduated edge of the blade 1. Aseries of lines indicated at 111 is engraved or otherwise produced onthe blade 1 and radiate from the said eight inch graduation and aredesignated preferably by the letter D and the degree symbol Each ofthese radial lines 1l is ,in alinement with one of the graduaf tionswithin the degree column 10.

Radiating from the twelve inch gradua tion along the outer longitudinaledge of the blade 1 are lines 15 disposed in alinement withcorresponding graduations intersecting the column 11, these graduationsbeing numbered consecutively from 1 to 16 or more, beginning at theinner end of the column. The group of lines 15 is preferably designatedby the letters C R which are abbreviations of the words Common raftersappearing in column 11.

A. third group of lines indicated at 16 on the blade 1, is provided, thelines of this group radiating from the thirteen inch graduation alongthe outer longitudinal edge of the blade 1 and each of these linesalining with a graduation intersecting the column 12. These graduationsare numbered from 1 to 1G or more beginning at the inner end of thecolumn and the group of lines 1G is designated preferably by the letters0 H R, which constitute the first letters of the words Octagon hiprafters. Another group of lines indicated at 17 is arranged on the blade1, these lines radiating from the seventeen inch graduation along theouter longitudinal edge of the blade 1 and each of the lines 17 aliningwith a graduation intersecting the column 13. This group 17 isdesignated preferably by the letters H R which are the first letters ofthe words hip rafters, These graduations in column 13 are numbered fromone to sixteen consecutively, beginning at the inner end of the column.Between the various graduations in the columns 11, 12 and 13, arearranged numerals indicating the stretchout or, in other words,numeralsl indicating the number of inches or fractions thereof to belaid out along a rafter for each foot of the base of the triangle ofwhich@ the rafter constitutes the hypotenuse. The

numerals in the columns and which designate the graduationsgindicate therise pei; foot in inches. Thus, .if the rafter rises ten inches to thefoot, the numeral appearing in the column 11 between the graduationsdesignated by the numerals 19 and 10 will show that the stretchout7 is15-5/8. For the salie of clearness, all of the numerals appearing in thecolumn 11 of a full size tool have not been shown but only as many aswill be necessary in giving a complete explanation of the working of thetool.

In laying ott' Octagon hip rafters and hip rafters, the practiceoutlined above is followed with the exception that the rules 3 and 4which are used in connection with the square, are shifted so as toregister with the proper lines 16 or 17, as the case may be.

As above indicated, the rules 3 and Ll are to be used in connection withthe square when the amount of rise and of stretchout is determined.These rules are also lused at the same time for the purpose of layingoli the proper bevels or cuts upon the rafters. For example, after therules 3 and 4 have been set upon the square for the purpose ofdetermining the stretcheut of a common rafter having a rise of teninches to the foot, the rules are laid along one edge of the rafter anday line drawn along the outer edge of tongue 2 to indicate the bevel atthe upper end of the rafter and, along the outer edge of the blade 1 toindicate the bevel of the lower end of the rafter. These bei/els are ofcourse made at the distance apart determined by the stretchout Engravedor otherwise formed on the blade 1 between the lines 17 and the free endof the blade mav'be suitable directions indicating how to place therules on the square for the purpose of laying off the different bevels.The columns 10, 11, 12 and 13, as hereinbefore stated, have numerals 1,2, 3 and il, respectively, inclosed in circles. The directions on blade1 having reference to the column 10 can be designated by a numeral 1 andthose having reference to the columns 11` 12 and 13, can be designatedbv the numerals 2, 3 and 4:, respectively, as shown. In View of the sizeof the draw ings, it is not possible to reproduce the directions whichappear upon the finished tool and as these directions constitute, infact, no part of the present invention, it is not deemed necessary toreproduce them on the drawing. It might be stated, however, that thefirst line of the directions, indicated by the numeral 1, is preferablyas follows Take 8 on blade. See degrees in column 1 on tongue. Thesecond line of the directions and which is indicated by the numeral ispreferably as follows-Take 12 on blade. See rise and stretchout incolumn 2 on tongue. The third line of the directions and which isindicated by the numeral 3,

preferably reads Take 13 on blade. See rise and stretchout in column 3on tongue. The fourth line of directions and which is indicated by thenume al 4, preferably reads Take 17 on blade. See rise and stretehout incolumn on tongue.

All of the graduations heretofore described are arranged upon one sideof the square. The other side of the square is also formed with a novelarrangement of graduations. The outer longitudinal edges of the blade 1and of the tongue 2 are graduated in inches and fractions thereofbeginning at the angle of the square. Parallel lines 1S are engraved orotherwise formed along the blade 2 so as to divide it into parallelcolumns 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23. These columns extend throughout thelength of the tongue 2 and partly across the blade 1. Engraved orotherwise indicated in the inner end portion of the column 23 is thenumeral 5 in a circle and the words Miter cuts for polygons. In theinner end portion of the column 22 appears the numeral 4 inclosed withina circle and the phrase H. R. bevel cuts rise 1/18 7. In the thirdcolumn, 21, at the inner end thereof, appears the numeral 3 within acircle, and the phrase 0. H. R. bevel cuts rise 1/18 In the inner end ofcolumn 20 appears the numeral 2 Within a, circle and the phrase J. R.bevel cuts cut sheathing on blade In the inner end of column 19 appearsthe numeral 1 within a circle and the phrase 0. J. bevels and dittomarks under the words Cut sheathing on blade appearing in column 20.

Engraved or otherwise displayed on the blade 1 and close to the column2O are tive lines of instruction arranged in parallel relation, theselines being designated by the numerals 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, each inclosedin a. circle. These instructions inform the user where to place therules in determing the various bevels and miter cuts referred to in thecolumns 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23. Because of the small space available inthe drawing these. instructions have not been set forth on the drawing.This is not deemed necessary, inasmuch as the wording of theinsti-actions can be varied. It might be stated, however, that in toolssuch as actually constructed, the instructions indicated by the numeral1 are Take 5 on blade. Rise as marked on tongue. See lengths. Cutsheathing on blade. The instructions indicated by the numeral 2 are TakeS on blade. Rise as marked. See dif. J. R. lengths. Table. Cut sheathingon blade. The instructions indicated by the numeral 3 are Take 9 onblade. Rise as marked on tongue. The instructions indicated by thenumeral 4, are Take 10 on blade. Rise as marked. The instructionsindicated by the numeral 5, are Take 14 on blade. lRise as marked.

Engraved or otherwise indicated on the blade 1 close tothe five inchgraduation is a group of lines designated by the numeral 24, these linesradiating from the five inch graduation and alining with diagonallydisposed graduations 25 which interset the column 19. Furthermore thenumeral 1 in` closed in a circle, is engraved or otherwise indicated onthe blade close to the group 24 so that it will be apparent, at aglance, that these lines 24 are to be associated with the graduationsappearing in the column in which the numeral 1 appears. Engraved orotherwise indicated upon the blade 1 close to the group 24 is the phrase0. J. R. Bev. Cut sheathing on blade Thus this group of lines isassociated with the column 19 not only by the numerals 1 inclosed incircles but also by the phrase quoted.

Engraved or otherwise indicated onl the blade 1 are lines 2G radiatingfrom the eight inch graduation on the blade, these lines beingdesignated by the phrase Cut sheathing on blade and J. R. Bev. Theselines aline with corresponding graduations 27 intersecting the column2Q. A third group of lines 28 is formed on blade 1, these linesradiating from the nine inch graduation and being designated by thephrase 0. H. R. Bev. These lines aline with the correspondinggraduations 29 intersecting the column 21. A fourth group of lines 30 isindicated on the blade 1, these lines radiating from the teninclrgraduation and being designated by the phrase H. R. Bev. Theselines aline with graduations 31 intersecting column 22. A fifth group oflines 32 is formed on the blade 1, and these lines radiate from thefourteen inch graduation on the blade and aline with graduations 33intersecting thecolumn 23. These last named graduations 33 are in turndesignated as follows, beginning with the innerone: 12 sides, 11 sides,10 sides, 9 sides Octagon Heptagon HexA agon, Miter Not only are thevarious groups 26, 28, and 30. designated in the manner set forth, butthey are also designated by the numerals 2, 3 and 4 respectively,arranged in circles, group 32 being likewise indicated by the numeral 5inclosed in a circle.

It is thought that the use of the various lines and graduations will beapparent. By arranging the rule 3 4 upon any one of the lines on theblade 1 and extending it to lthe proper graduation on the tongue 2, the

cut indicated' can be marked of. For the purpose of ascertaining thestretehout or of quickly ascertaining any other facts relative to thetool av table can be engraved or otherwise laid out upon the blade 1,between the free end of the blade and the group 32, this table beingdesignated at 34. Inasmuch as I do not restrict myself to any particulardata to be set forth at this point, it is not deemed necessary to showany particular forni of table.

As has already been set forth, the tongue and blade of the square are tobe inserted between the rules 3 and 4. It will be noted that each ofthese rules has its outer :tace graduated. For example, the rule 3 hasone edge graduated in inches and fractions thereof and provided furtherwith grada-ations which can be used for ready reference in obtainingdesired cuts or bevels. The same is likewise true of the rule e. Inmaking these rules it has been found desirable to indicate upon themmiter euts for regular polygons, hip and valley ratter bevel cuts forrises of one to 18 inches, jack rafter bevel euts for rises of one to 1Sinches, a table giving the differences in lengths ol ack rafters spaced16, 20 and inches, octagon jack rafter bevel cuts, rises 1 to 1S inches;octagon hip ratter bevel cuts, rises 1 to 18 inches; and sheathing cutsfor regular hips or Valleys, for rises from 1 to 1S inches. It has beenfound that by the use ot rules graduated in this manner, a carpenter orother mechanic can quickly determine various euts and bevels. By usingthe rules upon the square, a pitch board for laying out stair work orother problems, can be quickly formed.

In Figs. 7 to 12 inclusive, a modified structure has been shown designedto be used in lieu oit the square and rules shown in Figs. 1 to Ginclusive. This modified form o1' tool is made up ot' a stock 35havinglongitudinal slots 36, and a blade 37 extending through the stockand also formed with a longitudinal slot 38, the intersecting portionso'l the slots receiving a clamping screw 39, whereby blade 37 can besecured at any predetermined angle relative to the stock Upon the outerfaces of the stock are engraved or otherwise indicated graduations fordetermining the cuts of Octagon hip rafters, as at 4:0, rafter bevelcuts, rises from 1 to 1S inches, as indicated at 4-1, and octagon jackruiter cuts, rises 'from 1 to 18 inches, as shown at 412. The oppositesides of the blade 37 may be graduated so as to give Octagon sheathingcuts for hips or Valleys, as shown at 13, ack rafter bevel cuts,

as shown at 44, sheathing euts for valleys or hips, as shown at 1-5, andregular hip 'after bevel euts as shown at a6. By adjusting the blade 37to dii'lerent positions relative to the stock 35, the euts indicated bythe graduations to which they are adjusted can be accurately laid out.It is to be understood that the tool shown in Figs. 7 to 12 can be usedfor any purpose to which an ordinary bevel can be put.

hile the rules 3 and /1 hereinbet'ore described, are particularlydesigned for use in connection with the square shown in Figs. 3 and L1,it is to be understood that these rules can also be used in connectionwith a framing tool such as shown in Patent #1,050,969, issued to me onJanuary 21, 1913. The rules can also be used in connection with any formof square in getting any required angles or in forming a pitch board forstair building.

By the term stretchout herein used is meant the increased length of eaehratter as compared with the length of the base of the right angletriangle ot' which the ratter constitutes the hypotenuse.

W' hat is claimed is A framing tool including a square having groups oflines upon the blade, the lines of each group radiating Vtrom a commonpoint, there being parallel columns upon the tongue ot the square andhaving suitable designa-- tions, each column being intersected by linesalining with lines of one of the groups on the blade, parallellongitudinally slotted rules arranged upon opposite Ytaces respectivelyof the square and engaging the blade and tongue thereof, means extendingthrough the slots for binding the rales upon said faces of the blade andtongue to hold the rules against movement relative to the square, therebeing graduations upon the exposed :taces ot the rules indicating mitercuts.

In testimony that I claim the 'foregoing as my own, I have heretoallixed my signature in the presence oit two witnesses.

DANIEL C. MCLEOD.

lVitnesses:

J. J. lVAGNnu, 1V. B. RnEsE.

Copies et this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patent, Washington, D. C.

